KPI Examples and Templates
This resource provides visual KPI examples and templates for key departments such as Sales, Marketing, Accounting, Supply Chain, Call Centers and more
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Key performance indicators (KPIs) are measurable values demonstrating how effectively you, your team, or your organization achieve objectives. They provide straightforward targets and benchmarks that enable you to monitor progress and make informed decisions.
By focusing on specific metrics, KPIs help align your efforts with strategic goals, pinpoint strengths and weaknesses, and enhance your accountability.
Financial KPI Examples
Financial KPIs quantify your company’s economic performance, examining areas like return on investment, profitability, and cost efficiency.
Here are some examples:
KPI | Description | Formula or Source of Data |
Measures the profitability of goods sold, indicating how much revenue remains after covering production costs. | (Revenue - Cost of Goods Sold) / Revenue × 100 | |
Evaluates overall profitability, showing how much of each dollar earned is converted to net income. | Net Income / Revenue × 100 | |
Operating Profit Margin | Highlights profitability from core business operations before taxes and interest. | Operating Income / Revenue × 100 |
Revenue Growth Rate | Tracks the increase or decrease in revenue over a period. | Current Period Revenue - Previous Period Revenue) / Previous Period Revenue × 100 |
Measures a company's ability to cover short-term obligations with current assets. | Current Assets / Current Liabilities | |
Assesses liquidity, excluding inventory from assets. | (Current Assets - Inventory) / Current Liabilities | |
Indicates the balance between debt financing and equity financing. | Total Debt / Shareholders' Equity | |
Return on Assets (ROA) | Shows how efficiently a company utilizes its assets to generate profit. | Net Income / Average Total Assets × 100 |
Demonstrates how effectively shareholders' equity generates income. | Net Income / Shareholders' Equity × 100 | |
Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT) | Measures profitability excluding financing and tax impacts. | Revenue - Operating Expenses (Excluding Interest & Taxes) |
Highlights liquidity by showing the difference between current assets and liabilities. | Current Assets - Current Liabilities | |
Assesses how efficiently a company collects payments from customers. | Net Credit Sales / Average Accounts Receivable | |
Evaluates how frequently inventory is sold and replaced over a period. | Cost of Goods Sold / Average Inventory | |
Earnings Per Share (EPS) | Measures profit available to each outstanding share of common stock. | (Net Income - Preferred Dividends) / Weighted Average Shares Outstanding |
Operating Cash Flow | Indicates cash generated from regular business operations. | Cash Flow from Operating Activities (from Cash Flow Statement) |
Free Cash Flow | Represents cash available after operational expenses and capital expenditures. | Operating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditures |
Capital Expenditure Ratio | Evaluates a company’s reinvestment in its assets. | Operating Cash Flow / Capital Expenditures |
Gross Revenue | Reflects the total amount earned before deductions. | Total Sales or Revenue Data |
Net Revenue | Represents income after returns, allowances, and discounts. | Gross Revenue - Discounts, Returns, Allowances |
Operating Expense Ratio (OER) | Monitors operating efficiency by comparing operating costs to revenue. | Operating Expenses / Revenue × 100 |
Dividend Payout Ratio | Indicates the proportion of earnings paid to shareholders as dividends. | Dividends / Net Income × 100 |
Interest Coverage Ratio | Measures a company’s ability to meet interest payments on debt. | EBIT / Interest Expenses |
Cost of Debt | Reflects the effective interest rate paid on debt. | Total Interest Expense / Total Debt × 100 |
Days Sales Outstanding (DSO) | Tracks the average number of days to collect payment. | (Accounts Receivable / Total Credit Sales) × Number of Days |
Days Payable Outstanding (DPO) | Measures the average time taken to pay suppliers. | (Accounts Payable / Cost of Goods Sold) × Number of Days |
Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) | Evaluates how effectively capital is used to generate profit. | EBIT / (Total Assets - Current Liabilities) × 100 |
Economic Value Added (EVA) | Indicates the value generated above the required return. | NOPAT - (Capital Invested × WACC) |
Measures efficiency in managing working capital. | DSO + Inventory Days - DPO | |
Total Asset Turnover | Assesses revenue generation relative to assets. | Net Sales / Average Total Assets |
Reflects the market perception of a company’s value. | Market Price per Share / Earnings per Share | |
Price-to-Book Ratio (P/B) | Compares market value to book value of equity. | Market Price per Share / Book Value per Share |
Dividend Yield | Measures dividend return relative to share price. | Annual Dividends per Share / Market Price per Share × 100 |
Marketing KPI Examples
Marketing KPIs assess the impact of your marketing activities on business growth by analyzing metrics like customer acquisition, brand awareness, and lead generation. With a dashboard, you can use them to deliver critical insights into campaign performance and help you optimize your strategies for superior ROI and engagement.
Here are some KPIs you can use to measure the success of your campaigns:
KPI | Description | Formula or Source of Data |
Total number of visitors to a website over a period. | Web analytics tools | |
Number of distinct individuals visiting a site during a period. | Web analytics tools | |
Percentage of visitors who leave after viewing only one page. | (Single-Page Visits / Total Visits) × 100 | |
Average number of pages viewed in a single session. | Total Page Views / Total Sessions | |
Average time visitors spend on the site. | Total Session Duration / Total Sessions | |
Conversion Rate | Percentage of visitors who complete a desired action. | (Conversions / Total Visitors) × 100 |
Cost-effectiveness of generating a lead. | Total Campaign Costs / Number of Leads | |
Cost to acquire a new customer or user. | Total Campaign Costs / Number of Acquisitions | |
Cost of acquiring a new customer through all marketing efforts. | Total Marketing Costs / Number of New Customers | |
Leads deemed likely to become customers. | CRM or lead scoring tools | |
Leads ready for direct sales engagement. | CRM or sales data | |
Percentage of clicks on an ad or link compared to impressions. | (Clicks / Impressions) × 100 | |
Total times an ad is displayed to users. | Data from ad platforms | |
The average cost of each ad click. | Total Ad Spend / Total Clicks | |
Cost for 1,000 ad impressions. | (Ad Spend / Impressions) × 1,000 | |
Social Media Engagement Rate | Percentage of followers interacting with posts. | (Total Engagements / Total Followers) × 100 |
Increase in social media followers over time. | (New Followers / Starting Followers) × 100 | |
The number of unique users who saw a post. | Data from social media platforms | |
Percentage of brand mentions compared to competitors. | (Brand Mentions / Total Industry Mentions) × 100 | |
Email Open Rate | Percentage of recipients who opened an email. | (Emails Opened / Emails Delivered) × 100 |
Percentage of recipients clicking a link in an email. | (Clicks / Emails Delivered) × 100 | |
Percentage of undelivered emails. | (Bounced Emails / Total Emails Sent) × 100 | |
Measures customer loyalty. | Survey asking: "How likely are you to recommend this brand?" | |
Total revenue a customer generates. | Average Purchase Value × Purchase Frequency × Customer Lifespan | |
Percentage of users abandoning a purchase after adding items to the cart. | (Abandoned Carts / Total Carts) × 100 | |
Revenue per Click (RPC) | Revenue generated per ad click. | Total Revenue / Total Clicks |
Visitors arriving via unpaid search results. | Web analytics tools | |
Position of target keywords in search engine results. | SEO tools (Surfer, Ahrefs, SEMrush) | |
Predicts how well a website ranks on search engines. | SEO tools | |
Percentage of viewers who watch a video in its entirety. | (Completed Views / Total Views) × 100 | |
Influencer Engagement | Interactions on influencer-promoted content. | Total Engagements / Total Impressions × 100 |
Affiliate Revenue | Sales generated via affiliate marketing. | Affiliate platform reports |
Referral Traffic | Visitors coming from external sites. | Web analytics tools |
Ad Quality Score | Google Ads metric indicating ad relevance and quality. | Provided by Google Ads |
The average value of a single purchase. | Total Revenue / Total Orders | |
Time to Conversion | The average time it takes for a visitor to convert. | Time Tracking via CRM or Analytics Tools |
Operational KPIs
Operations KPIs are measures for understanding the functionality of your business processes. They reveal the health of various processes and point to areas for improvement and regularly monitoring them ensures that you stay on track with your operational goals.
Here’s a list of some of the most integral KPI examples in operations:
KPI | Description | Formula or Source of Data |
Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) | Evaluates how well equipment is used in production based on availability, performance, and quality. | OEE = Availability × Performance × Quality |
Measures the time taken to complete one production cycle. | End Time - Start Time (Production Logs) | |
Throughput | Tracks the number of units produced over a specified time. | Total Units Produced / Time Period |
Capacity Utilization | Assesses how much production capacity is being utilized. | (Actual Output / Maximum Possible Output) × 100 |
Downtime | Total time that equipment or processes are non-operational. | Maintenance Logs or IoT Sensors |
Order Fulfillment Time | Time taken from order placement to delivery. | Delivery Date - Order Placement Date |
First Pass Yield (FPY) | Percentage of products manufactured correctly on the first attempt. | (Good Units Produced / Total Units Produced) × 100 |
Defect Rate | The proportion of defective products produced. | (Defective Units / Total Units Produced) × 100 |
Measures how quickly inventory is sold and replaced. | Cost of Goods Sold / Average Inventory | |
Order Accuracy | Percentage of orders delivered without errors. | (Accurate Orders / Total Orders) × 100 |
On-Time Delivery (OTD) | The proportion of orders delivered within the promised timeframe. | (On-Time Deliveries / Total Deliveries) × 100 |
Percentage of orders delayed due to insufficient stock. | (Backordered Units / Total Units Ordered) × 100 | |
Production Schedule Adherence | Measures compliance with the production schedule. | (Scheduled Orders Completed On-Time / Total Scheduled Orders) × 100 |
Cost Per Unit | The average cost of producing one unit. | Total Production Costs / Total Units Produced |
Workforce Utilization | Assesses employee productivity and work allocation. | (Actual Hours Worked / Available Hours) × 100 |
Safety Incident Rate | Tracks the frequency of workplace safety incidents. | (Number of Incidents × 200,000) / Total Hours Worked |
Scrap Rate | Percentage of materials wasted during production. | (Scrap Materials / Total Materials Used) × 100 |
Waste Reduction | Measures reductions in operational waste. | (Baseline Waste - Current Waste) / Baseline Waste × 100 |
Energy Efficiency | Evaluates energy usage per unit of output. | Total Energy Consumed / Units Produced |
Order Cycle Time | Average time to process and complete an order. | Order Completion Date - Order Placement Date |
Percentage of products returned by customers. | (Returned Units / Total Units Sold) × 100 | |
Forecast Accuracy | Tracks how accurately demand forecasts match actual demand. | Forecast Accuracy = (1−Actual ? Forecast−Actual ? ) × 100 |
Utilization Rate | Measures how many available resources are actively used. | (Actual Resource Usage / Total Available Resource Capacity) × 100 |
Work-in-Progress (WIP) Inventory | The number of units currently in production but not completed. | Inventory Management Systems |
Percentage of orders delivered on time, complete, and error-free. | (Perfect Orders / Total Orders) × 100 | |
Schedule Variance (SV) | Measures deviation from planned timelines. | Planned Completion Time - Actual Completion Time |
Cost Variance (CV) | Indicates the difference between budgeted and actual costs. | Budgeted Costs - Actual Costs |
Changeover Time | Time taken to switch production from one product to another. | End of Last Product Run - Start of Next Product Run |
Operating Expenses Ratio | Tracks operating expenses relative to revenue. | Operating Expenses / Revenue × 100 |
Delivery Time Variance | Measures the difference between actual and scheduled delivery times. | Actual Delivery Time - Scheduled Delivery Time |
Rework Percentage | Percentage of items that require rework or correction. | (Reworked Items / Total Produced Items) × 100 |
Measures the average time taken to handle customer interactions. | Total Handling Time / Total Interactions | |
Customer Complaint Resolution Time | Tracks the time taken to resolve complaints. | Complaint Resolution Logs |
Service Level Agreement (SLA) Compliance | Measures adherence to SLA commitments. | (Met SLA Commitments / Total SLA Commitments) × 100 |
Customer Service KPIs
Customer service KPIs evaluate how effectively your customer support handles interactions and resolves issues. These indicators allow you to evaluate whether customers receive the service level they expect and help you find areas where processes can be improved to enhance their overall experience.
Here are the top customer service KPIs to consider:
KPI | Description | Formula or Source of Data |
Measures satisfaction with specific interactions, services, or products. | Survey responses (average or % positive scores, e.g., 4+ on a 1–5 scale) | |
Measures how easy it was for customers to resolve their issues. | A survey asking effort level (e.g., 1–7 scale, or agree/disagree statements) | |
First Contact Resolution (FCR) | Percentage of issues resolved on the first interaction. | (Resolved Tickets on First Contact / Total Tickets) × 100 |
Average Resolution Time (ART) | Tracks the average time to resolve customer issues. | Total Resolution Time / Total Resolved Tickets |
First Response Time (FRT) | Average time to provide the initial response to a customer query. | Total First Response Time / Total Tickets |
Service Level Agreement (SLA) Compliance | Percentage of tickets resolved within agreed SLA timelines. | (Tickets Resolved Within SLA / Total Tickets) × 100 |
Average time spent on resolving an issue, including after-call work. | (Talk Time + Hold Time + After-Call Work) / Total Interactions | |
Ticket Volume | Total number of customer interactions logged as tickets. | Customer Service Logs, CRM data |
Ticket Backlog | Number of unresolved tickets at any given time. | Total Open Tickets from CRM or Support Platform |
Call Answer Rate | Percentage of calls answered by agents. | (Answered Calls / Total Incoming Calls) × 100 |
Percentage of calls where customers hang up before being answered. | (Abandoned Calls / Total Incoming Calls) × 100 | |
Call Wait Time | Average time customers wait before speaking to an agent. | Total Wait Time / Total Calls |
Escalation Rate | Percentage of tickets that are escalated to higher support tiers. | (Escalated Tickets / Total Tickets) × 100 |
Percentage of customers retained over a period. | [(End Customers - New Customers) / Start Customers] × 100 | |
Percentage of customers lost over a period. | (Customers Lost / Start Customers) × 100 | |
Percentage of customers who contact support more than once for the same issue. | (Repeat Contact Tickets / Total Tickets) × 100 | |
Resolution Quality Score | Assesses customer perception of resolution quality. | Post-resolution survey results (average or % positive) |
Upsell and Cross-Sell Rate | Percentage of interactions leading to additional purchases. | (Upsell or Cross-Sell Cases / Total Interactions) × 100 |
Percentage of an agent’s available time spent on productive tasks. | (Agent Work Time / Total Available Time) × 100 | |
Agent Attrition Rate | Percentage of customer service agents leaving the organization. | (Agents Leaving / Total Agents) × 100 |
Knowledge Base Usage Rate | Measures how often customers use self-service resources. | (Self-Service Interactions / Total Interactions) × 100 |
Customer Feedback Response Rate | Percentage of customers providing feedback post-interaction. | (Feedback Responses / Total Interactions) × 100 |
Social Media Response Time | Average time to respond to social media inquiries. | Total Response Time on Social Media / Total Social Interactions |
Social Media Sentiment Score | Tracks customer sentiment in social media interactions. | Sentiment analysis using tools or surveys |
Customer Complaint Rate | Percentage of interactions that result in complaints. | (Customer Complaints / Total Interactions) × 100 |
Refund/Compensation Requests | Number of refunds or compensation requests made by customers. | CRM or finance records |
Live Chat Resolution Rate | Percentage of issues resolved through live chat. | (Resolved Live Chats / Total Live Chats) × 100 |
Live Chat Response Time | Average time to respond to live chat inquiries. | Total Response Time for Live Chats / Total Live Chats |
Average Queue Time | Average time customers spend waiting in a queue. | Total Queue Time / Total Customers in Queue |
Customer Callback Rate | Percentage of customers requesting callbacks. | (Callback Requests / Total Interactions) × 100 |
Tracks overall agent performance based on key metrics. | Weighted average of KPIs (CSAT, FCR, AHT) | |
Resolution Escalation Time | Average time for escalated tickets to be resolved. | Total Escalation Resolution Time / Total Escalated Tickets |
Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) | Predicts the total revenue from a customer over their lifetime. | Average Purchase Value × Purchase Frequency × Customer Lifespan |
Cost Per Resolution | The average cost of resolving one customer issue. | Total Support Costs / Total Resolved Tickets |
Self-Service Success Rate | Percentage of issues resolved through self-service tools without agent interaction. | (Resolved Self-Service Cases / Total Cases) × 100 |
Customer Advocacy Rate | Percentage of customers who become advocates by sharing positive feedback. | (Advocates / Total Customers) × 100 |
Average time taken to resolve complaints | Total Complaint Resolution Time / Total Complaints | |
Customer Engagement Rate | Tracks how often customers interact with support channels. | Total Interactions / Total Customers |
Agent Idle Time | Average time agents spend idle during work hours. | (Idle Time / Total Available Time) × 100 |
Sales KPIs
Sales KPIs help you measure the effectiveness of various initiatives and team performance. These indicators offer valuable data on how well goals are being met and where improvement is needed. Tracking them keeps your sales efforts aligned with overall business objectives.
Below are the common sales KPIs you need to be tracking:
KPI | Description | Formula or Source of Data |
Total Revenue | Tracks total income generated from sales activities. | The sum of all sales transactions (CRM, ERP systems) |
Revenue Growth Rate | Measures revenue increase or decrease over a specific period. | (Current Revenue−Previous Revenue) / Previous Revenue × 100 |
Measures the percentage of sales goals met. | (Actual Sales / Sales Target) × 100 | |
Average Deal Size | Tracks the average value of closed deals. | Total Deal Revenue / Number of Deals Closed |
Percentage of opportunities successfully converted into closed deals. | (Deals Won / Total Opportunities) × 100 | |
Average time required to close a deal. | Total Time to Close Deals / Number of Deals Closed | |
Tracks the percentage of leads converted to paying customers. | (Converted Leads / Total Leads) × 100 | |
Measures the cost of acquiring a new customer. | Total Marketing Costs / Number of New Customers | |
Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) | Predicts the total revenue from a customer over their relationship with the company. | Average Purchase Value × Purchase Frequency × Customer Lifespan |
Tracks revenue from recurring contracts or subscriptions. | Monthly or annual subscription payments | |
Percentage of a sales rep’s quota achieved. | (Sales Achieved / Quota) × 100 | |
Forecast Accuracy | Evaluates the reliability of sales forecasts. | Forecast Accuracy = (1−Actual ? Forecast−Actual ? ) × 100 |
Sales Pipeline Value | The total value of all deals in the sales pipeline. | The sum of deal values in CRM pipeline |
Sales Velocity | Calculates how quickly revenue is generated in the pipeline. | (Number of Opportunities × Deal Size × Win Rate) / Sales Cycle Length |
Profit Margin | Measures profitability of sales activities. | (Revenue - Costs) / Revenue × 100 |
Upsell / Cross-Sell Rate | Tracks sales from upselling or cross-selling activities. | (Upsell or Cross-Sell Revenue / Total Revenue) × 100 |
Lost Deal Rate | Percentage of opportunities that were not converted into deals. | (Lost Deals / Total Opportunities) × 100 |
Renewal Rate | Tracks the percentage of customers renewing subscriptions or contracts. | (Renewed Customers / Customers Up for Renewal) × 100 |
Churn Rate | Percentage of customers lost in a given period. | (Customers Lost / Total Customers) × 100 |
Net Promoter Score (NPS) | Measures customer satisfaction and likelihood to recommend. | % Promoters − % Detractors (via survey) |
Tracks individual sales performance. | Total Sales / Number of Sales Reps | |
Lead Response Time | Measures how quickly leads are contacted by sales reps. | Total Lead Response Time / Total Leads Responded To |
Revenue per Customer | Average revenue generated from each customer. | Total Revenue / Number of Customers |
Average Order Value (AOV) | Measures the average revenue per transaction. | Total Revenue / Number of Orders |
High-Value Deals Percentage | Percentage of deals with values above a specified threshold. | (High-Value Deals / Total Deals) × 100 |
Revenue by Sales Channel | Measures performance across different sales channels. | Revenue segmented by channels (online, retail, direct) |
Opportunity-to-Win Ratio | Tracks the efficiency of converting opportunities into wins. | (Closed-Won Opportunities / Total Opportunities) × 100 |
Deal Slippage Rate | Percentage of deals delayed beyond expected close dates. | (Delayed Deals / Total Deals) × 100 |
Time to First Purchase | The average time between initial contact and first sale. | Total Time to First Purchase / Number of Purchases |
Measures the cost of generating a lead. | Total Marketing Spend / Leads Generated | |
Market Share | Company’s portion of the total sales in its market. | (Company Sales Revenue / Total Market Revenue) × 100 |
Renewal Revenue | Revenue generated from contract renewals. | The sum of renewal contract values. |
Customer Win-Back Rate | Percentage of lost customers who return. | (Reacquired Customers / Lost Customers) × 100 |
Sales per Channel | Measures effectiveness of sales channels. | Revenue data segmented by channel |
Human Resource KPI Examples
Human resource KPIs measure how well your organization manages its workforce in areas such as hiring, development, and employee satisfaction.
Here are some HR KPI examples to help you get started:
KPI | Description | Formula or Source of Data |
Calculates the percentage of employees leaving the organization within a specific period. | (Number of Departures / Total Employees) × 100 | |
Shows the proportion of employees who stay with the company over time. | (Number of Retained Employees / Total Employees) × 100 | |
Determines the average duration required to fill open positions. | Total Days to Fill Positions / Number of Positions Filled | |
Reflects the time between a candidate's application and their acceptance of an offer. | Total Days from Application to Offer Acceptance / Number of Hires | |
Analyzes the total cost associated with recruiting new employees. | (Total Days Absent / Total Workdays) × 100 | |
Employee Engagement Score | Represents employee satisfaction and engagement levels. | Employee survey results |
Percentage of job offers accepted by candidates. | (Accepted Offers / Total Offers Extended) × 100 | |
Diversity Ratio | Tracks diversity across gender, ethnicity, or other demographics. | (Employees in Target Group / Total Employees) × 100 |
Internal Promotion Rate | Percentage of open positions filled by internal candidates. | (Internal Promotions / Total Filled Positions )× 100 |
Training Completion Rate | Shows the proportion of employees who complete required training programs. | (Completed Trainings / Total Required Trainings) × 100 |
Average Tenure | Indicates the average duration employees remain with the company. | Total Years of Service / Number of Employees |
Voluntary Turnover Rate | Highlights the percentage of employees leaving the company voluntarily. | (Voluntary Exits / Total Employees) × 100 |
Involuntary Turnover Rate | Reflects the percentage of dismissals initiated by the organization. | (Involuntary Exits / Total Employees) × 100 |
Salary Competitiveness Ratio (SCR) | Measures how salaries compare to the market average. | Internal Average Salary / Market Average Salary |
Health and Safety Incidents | Tracks the number of workplace accidents or safety violations. | Total Incidents Reported |
Overtime Hours | Summarizes the total extra hours worked by employees. | Total Overtime Hours Worked |
Employee Net Promoter Score (eNPS) | Measures employee loyalty and likelihood to recommend the company. | % Promoters−% Detractors |
Employee Productivity Rate | Assesses employee output relative to input, such as hours or costs. | Revenue or Output / Total Employee Costs or Hours |
Average Recruitment Time | Calculates the average time spent on recruitment processes. | Total Recruitment Time (Days) / Number of Hires |
HR Cost per Employee | Identifies HR expenses per employee. | Total HR Costs / Total Employees |
Employee Attrition Rate | Percentage of employees leaving the organization over a period. | (Total Attritions / Total Employees) × 100 |
Internal Mobility Rate | Indicates employee movement between roles within the organization. | (Employees Moved Internally / Total Employees) × 100 |
Exit Interview Response Rate | Tracks the percentage of exit interviews conducted. | (Completed Exit Interviews / Employees Leaving) × 100 |
Job Satisfaction Score | Reflects employees' happiness with their jobs. | Survey-based score |
Compliance Rate | Analyzes adherence to labor laws and internal policies. | Total Compliance Instances / Total Compliance Requirements |
Employee Referral Rate | Percentage of new hires coming through employee referrals. | (Referral Hires / Total Hires)×100 |
Retirement Eligibility Rate | Measures the percentage of employees nearing retirement age. | Employees Eligible for Retirement/Total Employees |
Payroll Accuracy | Tracks accuracy of payroll processing. | (Correct Payrolls / Total Payrolls Processed) × 100 |
Payroll Turnover | Measures how often payroll processing is changed or updated. | Payroll Changes / Total Payrolls |
Project Management KPIs
Project management KPIs help you evaluate how well your projects are progressing, making sure they stay on track to meet objectives. These metrics allow you to assess whether your team is adhering to timelines, managing resources effectively, and staying within budget.
Below are examples of project management KPIs you can include in dashboards:
KPI | Description | Formula or Source of Data |
Project Schedule Variance (SV) | Evaluates the difference between planned progress and actual progress. | SV=EV−PV (EV = Earned Value, PV = Planned Value) |
Project Cost Variance (CV) | Assesses the gap between the budgeted and actual costs of the project. | CV=EV−AC (EV = Earned Value, AC = Actual Cost) |
Planned Value (PV) | Represents the expected amount of work at a specific point in time. | Derived from the project schedule and budget. |
Earned Value (EV) | Quantifies the value of completed work at a given time. | Derived from project performance and budget. |
Actual Cost (AC) | Measures the actual cost incurred for work performed in a given time period. | Derived from project financial tracking. |
Cost Performance Index (CPI) | Highlights cost efficiency in the project. | CPI = EV / AC |
Schedule Performance Index (SPI) | Measures the schedule efficiency of the project. | SPI = PV / EV |
Project Completion Percentage | Shows the proportion of work completed relative to total project scope. | Total Work / Actual Work Done × 100 |
Resource Utilization | Indicates how effectively resources are allocated and used. | Total Available Resource Hours / Total Resource Hours Used × 100 |
Scope Creep | Monitors the increase or uncontrolled changes in project scope. | Number of Scope Changes / Total Project Scope Elements |
Risk Severity | Evaluates the combined impact and likelihood of risks. | Risk Impact x Risk Likelihood |
Risk Mitigation Rate | Calculates the proportion of risks addressed or resolved. | Total Number of Risks / Number of Mitigated Risks × 100 |
Project Return on Investment (ROI) | Estimates the financial return on the project investment. | Total Investment / Net Profit×100 |
Cost to Complete (CTC) | Measures the remaining cost to finish the project. | Total Project Budget − Actual Costs Incurred |
Project Forecast Accuracy | Analyzes the reliability of project cost and time predictions. | Forecasted Outcome / Actual Outcome×100 |
Issue Resolution Rate | Identifies how many issues are resolved on time. | Total Issues / Issues Resolved on Time × 100 |
Milestone Achievement | Highlights milestones completed within the planned timeframe. | Total Milestones / Milestones Completed on Time × 100 |
Team Satisfaction | Evaluates team morale and contentment with the project. | Derived from surveys or feedback from team members. |
Change Request Frequency | Measures how often changes are requested during the project lifecycle. | Total Project Tasks / Number of Change Requests |
Project Close-out Efficiency | Examines the speed and smoothness of project closure activities. | Time Planned for Closure / Time to Close Project |
Earned Value Management (EVM) | A comprehensive method to measure project performance using time and cost data. | Combination of EV, PV, and AC formulas. |
Project Deadline Adherence | Measures the percentage of tasks completed on or before the planned deadlines. | Total Tasks / Tasks Completed on Time × 100 |
Project Profitability Index (PI) | Shows financial gains relative to project costs. | PI = Project Cost / Net Profit |
Lead Time | Captures the duration between task initiation and completion. | Lead Time = Task Completion Time − Task Start Time |
Project Budget Adherence | Indicates how well the project adheres to its financial constraints. | Total Projects / Completed Successful Projects × 100 |
Defect Density | Measures the number of defects identified per unit of work completed. | Total Work Units Completed / Number of Defects |
Lessons Learned Completion Rate | Shows the proportion of lessons documented and shared. | Total Lessons Identified / Lessons Learned Shared × 100 |
Project Delivery Time | Measures how long it takes to deliver the project after initiation. | Time Taken from Initiation to Delivery |
Client Deliverables Completion | Tracks how often deliverables meet client expectations on time. | Total Client Deliverables / Client Deliverables Completed On Time × 100 |
Quality Assurance KPIs
Quality assurance KPIs let you assess the effectiveness of your quality efforts by clearly showing how well your quality standards are being upheld throughout service delivery or production. More importantly, it ensures that your team remains aligned with your company’s quality standards.
Here are some QA KPI examples:
KPI | Description | Formula or Source of Data |
Defect Density | Indicates the number of defects in a product or process relative to its size. | Size of the Product or Process / Number of Defects |
Defect Resolution Time | Reflects the average time required to resolve defects after identification. | Number of Defects Resolved / Total Time to Resolve Defects |
First Pass Yield (FPY) | Represents the percentage of outputs that meet quality standards on the first attempt. | Total Units Produced / Units Passing Quality Check on First Attempt × 100 |
Cost of Quality (COQ) | Summarizes the total expenses associated with ensuring quality, including prevention, appraisal, and failure costs. | COQ = Prevention Costs + Appraisal Costs + Failure Costs |
Customer Complaints | Captures the volume of complaints related to product or service quality. | Total Number of Customers / Total Number of Complaints |
On-Time Delivery Rate | Shows the proportion of deliveries made within the agreed timeframe. | Total Deliveries / Number of On-Time Deliveries × 100 |
Internal Failure Rate | Reflects the percentage of products or services failing quality checks before reaching customers. | Total Products or Services / Number of Internal Failures × 100 |
External Failure Rate | Identifies failures discovered by customers after delivery. | Total Products or Services / Number of External Failures × 100 |
Product Defect Rate | Indicates the percentage of defective items produced. | Total Products Produced / Defective Products × 100 |
Rework Rate | Highlights the proportion of items requiring rework due to quality issues. | Total Units Produced / Units Reworked × 100 |
Inspection Coverage | Shows how extensively products or processes are examined for quality. | Total Units / Inspected Units × 100 |
Root Cause Analysis (RCA) Completion Rate | Reflects the thoroughness of identifying underlying causes for quality issues. | Identified Issues / Completed RCA × 100 |
Corrective Action Implementation Rate | Indicates the success rate of implementing corrective measures. | Total Corrective Actions / Corrective Actions Implemented × 100 |
Preventive Action Effectiveness | Assesses the impact of preventive measures in reducing recurring issues. | Total Preventive Actions Implemented / Number of Issues Prevented |
Process Capability Index (CPK) | Evaluates how well a process operates within specified limits. | Cpk = min [(USL−mean)/3σ, (mean−LSL)/3σ] |
Quality Control Test Pass Rate | Shows the success rate of items passing quality checks. | Total Tests / Passed Tests × 100 |
Warranty Claims Rate | Reflects the frequency of warranty claims filed due to quality issues. | Total Units Sold / Total Warranty Claims × 100 |
Complaint Resolution Time | Measures the average duration for resolving customer complaints. | Number of Complaints Resolved / Total Time to Resolve Complaints |
Quality Cost as Percentage of Revenue | Expresses quality-related costs relative to total revenue. | Total Revenue / Total Quality Costs × 100 |
Defect Escape Rate | Highlights defects that reach customers rather than being caught during production. | Total Defects Identified / Escaped Defects × 100 |
Compliance Rate | Represents adherence to quality standards and regulations. | Total Units / Compliant Units × 100 |
Return Rate | Indicates the percentage of products returned due to defects or dissatisfaction. | Total Units Sold / Total Returns × 100 |
Test Coverage | Reflects the extent of features or code tested in the quality process. | Total Features or Code / Tested Features or Code × 100 |
Quality Control Check Frequency | Tracks how often quality inspections are conducted during production. | Production Time or Units / Total Quality Checks |
Defect Backlog | Represents unresolved defects remaining in the pipeline. | Number of Unresolved Defects |
SLA Compliance | Evaluates how well service standards are met under agreements. | Total Events / SLA Compliant Events × 100 |
Testing Efficiency | Reflects the ability of testing to uncover defects effectively. | Total Testing Time / Defects Found in Testing |
Supplier Defect Rate | Shows the quality level of supplier-provided goods. | Total Units from Supplier / Defective Units from Supplier × 100 |
Supply Chain KPI Examples
Supply chain KPIs focus on metrics that assess your supply chain performance, such as delivery accuracy, order fulfillment speed, and transportation costs. These metrics provide valuable insights into how efficiently your operations are running.
Below are some KPI examples to use in logistics:
KPI | Description | Formula or Source of Data |
On-Time Delivery Rate | Percentage of deliveries completed on or before the promised date. | (On-Time Deliveries / Total Deliveries) × 100 |
Order Accuracy | Percentage of orders delivered without errors. | (Accurate Orders / Total Orders) × 100 |
Freight Cost per Unit | Average shipping cost per unit delivered. | Total Freight Cost / Units Delivered |
Inventory Turnover | How often inventory is sold and replaced during a specific period. | Cost of Goods Sold / Average Inventory |
Warehouse Utilization | Space used effectively in a warehouse. | (Used Warehouse Space / Total Warehouse Space) × 100 |
Transportation Cost per Mile | Average transportation cost for each mile traveled. | Total Transportation Cost / Miles Traveled |
Order Cycle Time | The time between order placement and delivery to the customer. | Order Delivery Date − Order Placement Date |
Delivery Success Rate | Percentage of deliveries completed without damage or errors. | (Successful Deliveries / Total Deliveries) × 100 |
Backorder Rate | The proportion of orders delayed due to unavailable inventory. | (Backordered Items / Total Orders) × 100 |
Average Delivery Time | Average time taken to deliver orders. | Total Delivery Time / Number of Deliveries |
Load Capacity Utilization | Percentage of transportation capacity utilized per shipment. | (Used Load Capacity / Total Load Capacity) × 100 |
Inventory Accuracy | Alignment between recorded and actual inventory levels. | (Correct Inventory Records / Total Inventory Records) × 100 |
Shipping Damage Rate | Percentage of goods damaged during transit. | (Damaged Goods / Total Shipped Goods) × 100 |
Pick and Pack Cycle Time | Average time to pick and pack orders in the warehouse. | Total Pick and Pack Time / Total Orders Processed |
Order Fill Rate | Percentage of orders fulfilled completely at the first attempt. | (Fully Completed Orders / Total Orders) × 100 |
Delivery Cost per Order | Average cost incurred to deliver an order. | Total Deli |
